Design of a 10 kg Capacity Plastic Pyrolysis Machine with Three-Stage Condenser System

Abstract

Plastic waste is a critical global environmental issue due to its persistence and accumulation. This study designed a small-scale plastic pyrolysis machine with a 10 kg reactor capacity and a three-stage condenser system. The design considered reactor dimensions, high-temperature resistant materials, and an optimal heating system for thermal decomposition. The condenser system was developed to maximize condensation efficiency and fractionate hydrocarbon vapors according to their boiling points. The methodology employed engineering design approaches, literature reviews, and prototype fabrication. Experimental trials demonstrated the capability of the system to produce bio-oil, although efficiency was limited due to suboptimal operating temperature. Nevertheless, the design provides a promising framework for household or MSME-level plastic waste management and bio-oil production.